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Temporal Helm Chart

Temporal is a distributed, scalable, durable, and highly available orchestration engine designed to execute asynchronous long-running business logic in a resilient way.

This repo contains a basic V3 Helm chart that deploys Temporal to a Kubernetes cluster. The dependencies that are bundled with this solution by default offer an easy way to experiment with Temporal software. This Helm chart can also be used to install just the Temporal server, configured to connect to dependencies (such as a Cassandra, MySQL, or PostgreSQL database) that you may already have available in your environment.

We do not recommend using Helm for managing Temporal deployments in production. Rather, we recommend it for templating/generating manifests for Temporal's internal services only. See our recent discussion on this topic.

This Helm Chart code is tested by a dedicated test pipeline. It is also used extensively by other Temporal pipelines for testing various aspects of Temporal systems. Our test pipeline currently uses Helm 3.1.1.

Install Temporal service on a Kubernetes cluster

Prerequisites

This sequence assumes

that your system is configured to access a kubernetes cluster (e. g. AWS EKS, kind, or minikube), and
that your machine has
- AWS CLI V2,
- kubectl, and
- Helm v3 installed and able to access your cluster.

Download Helm Chart Dependencies

Download Helm dependencies:

~/temporal-helm$ helm dependencies update

Install Temporal with Helm Chart

Temporal can be configured to run with various dependencies. The default "Batteries Included" Helm Chart configuration deploys and configures the following components:

Cassandra
ElasticSearch
Prometheus
Grafana

The sections that follow describe various deployment configurations, from a minimal one-replica installation using included dependencies, to a replicated deployment on existing infrastructure.

Minimal installation with required dependencies only

To install Temporal in a limited but working and self-contained configuration (one replica of Cassandra and each of Temporal's services, no metrics or ElasticSearch), you can run the following command

~/temporal-helm$ helm install \
    --set server.replicaCount=1 \
    --set cassandra.config.cluster_size=1 \
    --set prometheus.enabled=false \
    --set grafana.enabled=false \
    --set elasticsearch.enabled=false \
    temporaltest . --timeout 15m

This configuration consumes limited resources and it is useful for small scale tests (such as using minikube).

Below is an example of an environment installed in this configuration:

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
temporaltest-admintools-6cdf56b869-xdxz2       1/1     Running   0          11m
temporaltest-cassandra-0                       1/1     Running   0          11m
temporaltest-frontend-5d5b6d9c59-v9g5j         1/1     Running   2          11m
temporaltest-history-64b9ddbc4b-bwk6j          1/1     Running   2          11m
temporaltest-matching-c8887ddc4-jnzg2          1/1     Running   2          11m
temporaltest-metrics-server-7fbbf65cff-rp2ks   1/1     Running   0          11m
temporaltest-web-77f68bff76-ndkzf              1/1     Running   0          11m
temporaltest-worker-7c9d68f4cf-8tzfw           1/1     Running   2          11m

Install with required and optional dependencies

This method requires a three node kubernetes cluster to successfully bring up all the dependencies.

By default, Temporal Helm Chart configures Temporal to run with a three node Cassandra cluster (for persistence) and Elasticsearch (for "visibility" features), Prometheus, and Grafana. By default, Temporal Helm Chart installs all dependencies, out of the box.

To install Temporal with all of its dependencies run this command:

~/temporal-helm$ helm install temporaltest . --timeout 900s

To use your own instance of ElasticSearch, MySQL, PostgreSQL, or Cassandra, please read the "Bring Your Own" sections below.

Other components (Prometheus, Grafana) can be omitted from the installation by setting their corresponding enable flag to false:

~/temporal-helm$ helm install \
    --set prometheus.enabled=false \
    --set grafana.enabled=false \
    temporaltest . --timeout 900s

Install with sidecar containers

You may need to provide your own sidecar containers.

To do so, you may look at the example for Google's cloud sql proxy in the values/values.cloudsqlproxy.yaml and pass that file to helm install.

Example:

~/temporal-helm$ helm install -f values/values.cloudsqlproxy.yaml temporaltest . --timeout 900s

Install with your own ElasticSearch

You might already be operating an instance of ElasticSearch that you want to use with Temporal.

To do so, fill in the relevant configuration values in values.elasticsearch.yaml, and pass the file to 'helm install'.

Example:

~/temporal-helm$ helm install -f values/values.elasticsearch.yaml temporaltest . --timeout 900s

Install with your own MySQL

You might already be operating a MySQL instance that you want to use with Temporal.

In this case, create and configure temporal databases on your MySQL host with temporal-sql-tool. The tool is part of temporal repo, and it relies on the schema definition, in the same repo.

Here are examples of commands you can use to create and initialize the databases:

# in https://github.com/temporalio/temporal git repo dir
export SQL_PLUGIN=mysql
export SQL_HOST=mysql_host
export SQL_PORT=3306
export SQL_USER=mysql_user
export SQL_PASSWORD=mysql_password

./temporal-sql-tool create-database -database temporal
SQL_DATABASE=temporal ./temporal-sql-tool setup-schema -v 0.0
SQL_DATABASE=temporal ./temporal-sql-tool update -schema-dir schema/mysql/v57/temporal/versioned

./temporal-sql-tool create-database -database temporal_visibility
SQL_DATABASE=temporal_visibility ./temporal-sql-tool setup-schema -v 0.0
SQL_DATABASE=temporal_visibility ./temporal-sql-tool update -schema-dir schema/mysql/v57/visibility/versioned

Once you initialized the two databases, fill in the configuration values in values/values.mysql.yaml, and run

# in https://github.com/temporalio/helm-charts git repo dir
helm install -f values/values.mysql.yaml temporaltest . --timeout 900s

Alternatively, instead of modifying values/values.mysql.yaml, you can supply those values in your command line:

# in https://github.com/temporalio/helm-charts git repo dir
helm install -f values/values.mysql.yaml temporaltest \
  --set elasticsearch.enabled=false \
  --set server.config.persistence.default.sql.user=mysql_user \
  --set server.config.persistence.default.sql.password=mysql_password \
  --set server.config.persistence.visibility.sql.user=mysql_user \
  --set server.config.persistence.visibility.sql.password=mysql_password \
  --set server.config.persistence.default.sql.host=mysql_host \
  --set server.config.persistence.visibility.sql.host=mysql_host . --timeout 900s

NOTE: For MYSQL <5.7.20 (e.g AWS Aurora MySQL) use values/values.aurora-mysql.yaml

Install with your own PostgreSQL

You might already be operating a PostgreSQL instance that you want to use with Temporal.

In this case, create and configure temporal databases on your PostgreSQL host with temporal-sql-tool. The tool is part of temporal repo, and it relies on the schema definition, in the same repo.

Here are examples of commands you can use to create and initialize the databases:

# in https://github.com/temporalio/temporal git repo dir
export SQL_PLUGIN=postgres
export SQL_HOST=postgresql_host
export SQL_PORT=5432
export SQL_USER=postgresql_user
export SQL_PASSWORD=postgresql_password

./temporal-sql-tool create-database -database temporal
SQL_DATABASE=temporal ./temporal-sql-tool setup-schema -v 0.0
SQL_DATABASE=temporal ./temporal-sql-tool update -schema-dir schema/postgresql/v96/temporal/versioned

./temporal-sql-tool create-database -database temporal_visibility
SQL_DATABASE=temporal_visibility ./temporal-sql-tool setup-schema -v 0.0
SQL_DATABASE=temporal_visibility ./temporal-sql-tool update -schema-dir schema/postgresql/v96/visibility/versioned

Once you initialized the two databases, fill in the configuration values in values/values.postgresql.yaml, and run

# in https://github.com/temporalio/helm-charts git repo dir
helm install -f values/values.postgresql.yaml temporaltest . --timeout 900s

Alternatively, instead of modifying values/values.postgresql.yaml, you can supply those values in your command line:

# in https://github.com/temporalio/helm-charts git repo dir
helm install -f values/values.postgresql.yaml temporaltest \
  --set elasticsearch.enabled=false \
  --set server.config.persistence.default.sql.user=postgresql_user \
  --set server.config.persistence.default.sql.password=postgresql_password \
  --set server.config.persistence.visibility.sql.user=postgresql_user \
  --set server.config.persistence.visibility.sql.password=postgresql_password \
  --set server.config.persistence.default.sql.host=postgresql_host \
  --set server.config.persistence.visibility.sql.host=postgresql_host . --timeout 900s

Install with your own Cassandra

You might already be operating a Cassandra instance that you want to use with Temporal.

In this case, create and setup keyspaces in your Cassandra instance with temporal-cassandra-tool. The tool is part of temporal repo, and it relies on the schema definition, in the same repo.

Here are examples of commands you can use to create and initialize the keyspaces:

# in https://github.com/temporalio/temporal git repo dir
export CASSANDRA_HOST=cassandra_host
export CASSANDRA_PORT=9042
export CASSANDRA_USER=cassandra_user
export CASSANDRA_PASSWORD=cassandra_user_password

./temporal-cassandra-tool create-Keyspace -k temporal
CASSANDRA_KEYSPACE=temporal ./temporal-cassandra-tool setup-schema -v 0.0
CASSANDRA_KEYSPACE=temporal ./temporal-cassandra-tool update -schema-dir schema/cassandra/temporal/versioned

./temporal-cassandra-tool create-Keyspace -k temporal_visibility
CASSANDRA_KEYSPACE=temporal_visibility ./temporal-cassandra-tool setup-schema  -v 0.0
CASSANDRA_KEYSPACE=temporal_visibility ./temporal-cassandra-tool update -schema-dir schema/cassandra/visibility/versioned

Once you initialized the two keyspaces, fill in the configuration values in values/values.cassandra.yaml, and run

~/temporal-helm$ helm install -f values/values.cassandra.yaml temporaltest . --timeout 900s

Install and configure Temporal

If a live application environment already uses systems that Temporal can use as dependencies, then those systems can continue to be used. This Helm chart can install the minimal pieces of Temporal such that it can then be configured to use those systems as its dependencies.

The example below demonstrates a few things:

How to set values via the command line rather than the environment.
How to configure a database (shows Cassandra, but MySQL works the same way)
How to enable TLS for the database connection.
How to enable Auth for the Web UI

helm install temporaltest \
   -f values/values.cassandra.yaml \
   -f values/values.elasticsearch.yaml \
   --set grafana.enabled=false \
   --set prometheus.enabled=false \
   --set server.replicaCount=5 \
   --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.hosts=cassandra.data.host.example \
   --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.user=cassandra_user \
   --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.password=cassandra_user_password \
   --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.tls.caData=$(base64 --wrap=0 cassandra.ca.pem) \
   --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.tls.enabled=true \
   --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.replicationFactor=3 \
   --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.keyspace=temporal \
   --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.hosts=cassandra.vis.host.example \
   --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.user=cassandra_user_vis \
   --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.password=cassandra_user_vis_password \
   --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.tls.caData=$(base64 --wrap=0 cassandra.ca.pem) \
   --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.tls.enabled=true \
   --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.replicationFactor=3 \
   --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.keyspace=temporal_visibility \
   . \
   --timeout 15m \
   --wait

Play With It

Exploring Your Cluster

You can use your favorite kubernetes tools (k9s, kubectl, etc.) to interact with your cluster.

$ kubectl get svc
NAME                                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                                        AGE
...
temporaltest-admintools                ClusterIP   172.20.237.59    <none>        22/TCP                                         15m
temporaltest-frontend-headless         ClusterIP   None             <none>        7233/TCP,9090/TCP                              15m
temporaltest-history-headless          ClusterIP   None             <none>        7234/TCP,9090/TCP                              15m
temporaltest-matching-headless         ClusterIP   None             <none>        7235/TCP,9090/TCP                              15m
temporaltest-worker-headless           ClusterIP   None             <none>        7239/TCP,9090/TCP                              15m
...

$ kubectl get pods
...
temporaltest-admintools-7b6c599855-8bk4x                1/1     Running   0          25m
temporaltest-frontend-54d94fdcc4-bx89b                  1/1     Running   2          25m
temporaltest-history-86d8d7869-lzb6f                    1/1     Running   2          25m
temporaltest-matching-6c7d6d7489-kj5pj                  1/1     Running   3          25m
temporaltest-worker-769b996fd-qmvbw                     1/1     Running   2          25m
...

Running Temporal CLI From the Admin Tools Container

You can also shell into admin-tools container via k9s or by running

$ kubectl exec -it services/temporaltest-admintools /bin/bash
bash-5.0#

and run Temporal CLI from there:

bash-5.0# tctl namespace list
Name: temporal-system
Id: 32049b68-7872-4094-8e63-d0dd59896a83
Description: Temporal internal system namespace
OwnerEmail: temporal-core@temporal.io
NamespaceData: map[string]string(nil)
Status: Registered
RetentionInDays: 7
EmitMetrics: true
ActiveClusterName: active
Clusters: active
HistoryArchivalStatus: Disabled
VisibilityArchivalStatus: Disabled
Bad binaries to reset:
+-----------------+----------+------------+--------+
| BINARY CHECKSUM | OPERATOR | START TIME | REASON |
+-----------------+----------+------------+--------+
+-----------------+----------+------------+--------+

bash-5.0# tctl --namespace nonesuch namespace desc
Error: Namespace nonesuch does not exist.
Error Details: Namespace nonesuch does not exist.

bash-5.0# tctl --namespace nonesuch namespace re
Namespace nonesuch successfully registered.

bash-5.0# tctl --namespace nonesuch namespace desc
Name: nonesuch
UUID: 465bb575-8c01-43f8-a67d-d676e1ae5eae
Description:
OwnerEmail:
NamespaceData: map[string]string(nil)
Status: Registered
RetentionInDays: 3
EmitMetrics: false
ActiveClusterName: active
Clusters: active
HistoryArchivalStatus: ArchivalStatusDisabled
VisibilityArchivalStatus: ArchivalStatusDisabled
Bad binaries to reset:
+-----------------+----------+------------+--------+
| BINARY CHECKSUM | OPERATOR | START TIME | REASON |
+-----------------+----------+------------+--------+
+-----------------+----------+------------+--------+

Forwarding Your Machine's Local Port to Temporal FrontEnd

You can also expose your instance's front end port on your local machine:

$ kubectl port-forward services/temporaltest-frontend-headless 7233:7233
Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:7233 -> 7233
Forwarding from [::1]:7233 -> 7233

and, from a separate window, use the local port to access the service from your application or Temporal samples.

Forwarding Your Machine's Local Port to Temporal Web UI

Similarly to how you accessed Temporal front end via kubernetes port forwarding, you can access your Temporal instance's web user interface.

To do so, forward your machine's local port to the Web service in your Temporal installation

$ kubectl port-forward services/temporaltest-web 8088:8088
Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:8088 -> 8088
Forwarding from [::1]:8088 -> 8088

and navigate to http://127.0.0.1:8088 in your browser.

Exploring Metrics via Grafana

By default, the full "Batteries Included" configuration comes with a few Grafana dashboards.

To access those dashboards, follow the following steps:

Extract Grafana's admin password from your installation:

$ kubectl get secret --namespace default temporaltest-grafana -o jsonpath="{.data.admin-password}" | base64 --decode

t7EqZQpiB6BztZV321dEDppXbeisdpiEAMgnu6yy%

Setup port forwarding, so you can access Grafana from your host:

$ kubectl port-forward services/temporaltest-grafana 8081:80
Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:8081 -> 3000
Forwarding from [::1]:8081 -> 3000
...

Navigate to the forwarded Grafana port in your browser (http://localhost:8081/), login as admin (using the password from step 1), and click on the "Home" button (upper left corner) to see available dashboards.

Updating Dynamic Configs

By default dynamic config is empty, if you want to override some properties for your cluster, you should:

Create a yaml file with your config (for example dc.yaml).
Populate it with some values under server.dynamicConfig prefix (use the sample provided at values/values.dynamic_config.yaml as a starting point)
Install your helm configuration:

$ helm install -f values/values.dynamic_config.yaml temporaltest . --timeout 900s

Note that if you already have a running cluster you can use the "helm upgrade" command to change dynamic config values:

$ helm upgrade -f values/values.dynamic_config.yaml temporaltest . --timeout 900s

WARNING: The "helm upgrade" approach will trigger a rolling upgrade of all the pods.

If a rolling upgrade is not desirable, you can also generate the ConfigMap file explicitly and then apply it using the following command:

$ kubectl apply -f dynamicconfigmap.yaml

You can use helm upgrade with the "--dry-run" option to generate the content for the dynamicconfigmap.yaml.

The dynamic-config ConfigMap is referenced as a mounted volume within the Temporal Containers, so any applied change will be automatically picked up by all pods within a few minutes without the need for pod recycling. See k8S documentation (https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-configmap/#mounted-configmaps-are-updated-automatically) for more details on how this works.

Updating Temporal Web Config

the config file server/config.yml for the temporal web ui is referenced as a mounted volume within the Temporal Web UI Container and can be populated by inserting values in the web.config section in the values.yml for possible config check (https://github.com/temporalio/web#configuring-authentication-optional)

Uninstalling

Note: in this example chart, uninstalling a Temporal instance also removes all the data that might have been created during its lifetime.

~/temporal-helm $ helm uninstall temporaltest

Upgrading

To upgrade your cluster, upgrade your database schema (if the release includes schema changes), and then use helm upgrade command to perform a rolling upgrade of your installation.

Note:

Not supported: running newer binaries with an older schema.
Supported: downgrading binaries – running older binaries with a newer schema.

Example:

Upgrade Schema

Here are examples of commands you can use to upgrade the "default" and "visibility" schemas in your "bring your own" Cassandra database.

Upgrade default schema:

temporal_v1.2.1 $ temporal-cassandra-tool \
   --tls \
   --tls-ca-file ... \
   --user cassandra-user \
   --password cassandra-password \
   --endpoint cassandra.example.com \
   --keyspace temporal \
   --timeout 120 \
   update \
   --schema-dir ./schema/cassandra/temporal/versioned

Upgrade visibility schema:

temporal_v1.2.1 $ temporal-cassandra-tool \
   --tls \
   --tls-ca-file ... \
   --user cassandra-user \
   --password cassandra-password \
   --endpoint cassandra.example.com \
   --keyspace temporal_visibility \
   --timeout 120 \
   update \
   --schema-dir ./schema/cassandra/visibility/versioned

To upgrade your MySQL database, please use temporal-sql-tool tool instead of temporal-cassandra-tool.

Upgrade Temporal Instance's Docker Images

Here is an example of a helm upgrade command that can be used to upgrade a cluster:

helm-charts $ helm \
    upgrade \
    temporaltest \
    -f values/values.cassandra.yaml \
    --set elasticsearch.enabled=true \
    --set server.replicaCount=8 \
    --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.hosts='{c1.example.com,c2.example.com,c3.example.com}' \
    --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.user=cassandra-user \
    --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.password=cassandra-password \
    --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.tls.caData=... \
    --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.tls.enabled=true \
    --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.replicationFactor=3 \
    --set server.config.persistence.default.cassandra.keyspace=temporal \
    --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.hosts='{c1.example.com,c2.example.com,c3.example.com}' \
    --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.user=cassandra-user \
    --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.password=cassandra-password \
    --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.tls.caData=... \
    --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.tls.enabled=true \
    --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.replicationFactor=3 \
    --set server.config.persistence.visibility.cassandra.keyspace=temporal_visibility \
    --set server.image.tag=1.2.1 \
    --set server.image.repository=temporalio/server \
    --set admintools.image.tag=1.2.1 \
    --set admintools.image.repository=temporalio/admin-tools \
    --set web.image.tag=1.1.1 \
    --set web.image.repository=temporalio/web \
    . \
    --wait \
    --timeout 15m

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to Banzai Cloud whose Cadence Helm Charts heavily inspired this work.

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Temporal Helm Chart

Install Temporal service on a Kubernetes cluster

Prerequisites

Download Helm Chart Dependencies

Install Temporal with Helm Chart

Minimal installation with required dependencies only

Install with required and optional dependencies

Install with sidecar containers

Install with your own ElasticSearch

Install with your own MySQL

Install with your own PostgreSQL

Install with your own Cassandra

Install and configure Temporal

Play With It

Exploring Your Cluster

Running Temporal CLI From the Admin Tools Container

Forwarding Your Machine's Local Port to Temporal FrontEnd

Forwarding Your Machine's Local Port to Temporal Web UI

Exploring Metrics via Grafana

Updating Dynamic Configs

Updating Temporal Web Config

Uninstalling

Upgrading

Upgrade Schema

Upgrade Temporal Instance's Docker Images

Acknowledgements

License

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