LKRG 0.9.9 for EL 9.4 and 8.10

Reviewed-on: security/wiki#40
Reviewed-by: Neil Hanlon <neil@noreply@resf.org>

docs/index.md

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 The Security SIG repositories provide extra security-related packages and security-hardened override packages (replacing those from the main distribution) for Rocky Linux and other Enterprise Linux (EL) distributions.
 
+If you've been to this wiki before, you'll likely want to check out [what's new](news).
+
 ## Responsibilities
 
 Developing and maintaining various security related packages that are not in upstream EL. Identifying, developing, and maintaining security hardening changes relative to upstream EL packages. Occasionally including/backporting additional security fixes that are not yet in upstream EL packages. Contributing to the respective upstreams where practical.
@@ -18,30 +20,39 @@ dnf install rocky-release-security
 
 Download the release package containing our repository configuration file and package signing public key. Use the version that corresponds to the major version of your EL distro.
 
-- [rocky-release-security-9](https://download.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/9/extras/x86_64/os/Packages/r/rocky-release-security-9-2.el9.noarch.rpm)
+- [rocky-release-security-9](https://download.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/9/extras/x86_64/os/Packages/r/rocky-release-security-9-4.el9.noarch.rpm)
-- [rocky-release-security-8](https://download.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/8/extras/x86_64/os/Packages/r/rocky-release-security-8-2.el8.noarch.rpm)
+- [rocky-release-security-8](https://download.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/8/extras/x86_64/os/Packages/r/rocky-release-security-8-3.el8.noarch.rpm)
 
 Verify the package file's SHA-256 digest with `sha256sum`. The currently expected digests are:
 
 ```
-8daf0934c8b5cfce1f5c2dc53ea0118102940bf307c7cc8863ab718696863da6  rocky-release-security-9-2.el9.noarch.rpm
+4a728939103ed54518aefa3a7729921df48a2ec8dc24138b91f3bcd400afacb0  rocky-release-security-9-4.el9.noarch.rpm
-15aebef7257d4ff3c59a3b4e45acf8fae9894a10ddd2c924dfd521033337e96c  rocky-release-security-8-2.el8.noarch.rpm
+8dc7912f0ab55dff4cb2b1dc9262c22aa89d911cdb680d33213737597d865006  rocky-release-security-8-3.el8.noarch.rpm
 ```
 
 This isn't as secure as checking the package signature would be _if_ you previously had our package signing public key, but on another distro you probably don't have that yet, so checking the digest against its copy obtained from this separate website is a best-effort measure.
 
-Install the package with `rpm -U --nodeps`. The `--nodeps` option is needed to bypass the dependency check on our `rocky-release` package. In essense, you're manually confirming to `rpm` that you're installing on a compatible distro.
+### Note
+
+Regardless of whether installing on Rocky or another EL distribution, the `security-common` repository for EL9 comes disabled by default out of abundance of caution because of the packages contained within the repository that override the base Rocky Linux packages.
+
+In order to receive packages from the SIG, either enable the repository (`dnf config-manager --enable security-common`), or activate for a single DNF transaction with `dnf --enablerepo=security-common install <package>`.
 
 ## Packages
 
 ### Extra packages (for EL8 and EL9)
 
-- [lkrg](https://lkrg.org) (Linux Kernel Runtime Guard)
+- [lkrg](packages/lkrg.md) (Linux Kernel Runtime Guard)
-- [passwdqc](https://www.openwall.com/passwdqc/) (Password/passphrase strength checking and policy enforcement)
+- [passwdqc](packages/passwdqc.md) (password/passphrase strength checking and policy enforcement)
 
 ### Extra packages (currently only for EL9)
 
-- [hardened_malloc](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc) (Security-focused memory allocator providing the malloc API, and a script to preload it into existing program binaries)
+- [control](packages/control.md) (a common interface to register and control security-relevant system facilities)
+- [hardened_malloc](packages/hardened_malloc.md) (security-focused memory allocator providing the malloc API, and a script to preload it into existing program binaries)
+
+### Override packages (for EL8 and EL9)
+
+- [microcode_ctl](packages/microcode_ctl.md) (updates Intel CPU microcode to fix [CVE-2023-23583](issues/CVE-2023-23583.md))
 
 ### Override packages (currently only for EL9)
 

docs/issues/CVE-2023-23583.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# CVE-2023-23583: microcode_ctl
+
+## Title
+
+CVE-2023-23583: microcode_ctl: Intel CPUs: execution of MOVSB instructions with redundant REX prefix leads to unintended system behavior
+
+## Summary
+
+As described by [Intel](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/14/4):
+
+Under certain microarchitectural conditions, Intel has identified cases where execution of an instruction (REP MOVSB) encoded with a redundant REX prefix may result in unpredictable system behavior resulting in a system crash/hang, or, in some limited scenarios, may allow escalation of privilege from CPL3 to CPL0.
+
+and by [Red Hat](https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-23583):
+
+A security vulnerability was found in some Intel processors. Execution of REP MOVSB instructions with a redundant REX prefix may result in execution continuing at an incorrect EIP address after a micro-architectural event occurs, potentially allowing privilege escalation, information disclosure and/or a denial of service via local access.
+
+as well as in [CVE-2023-23583](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-23583).
+
+More detail is available via these [links to Intel's website](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/11/14/7) and in the public disclosure by [Tavis Ormandy](https://lock.cmpxchg8b.com/reptar.html) from [Google](https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/google-researchers-discover-reptar-a-new-cpu-vulnerability).
+
+Public disclosure date: November 14, 2023
+
+## EL9
+
+- Fixed in version: `4:20231114-1.el9_2.security` available November 15, 2023
+
+## EL8
+
+- Fixed in version `4:20230808-2.20231009.1.el8.security` available November 19, 2023
+
+Please refer to our [override package of microcode_ctl](../packages/microcode_ctl.md).

docs/issues/CVE-2023-4911.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# CVE-2023-4911: glibc
+
+## Title
+
+CVE-2023-4911: glibc: Looney Tunables: buffer overflow in ld.so leading to privilege escalation
+
+## Summary
+
+As described by [Red Hat](https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-4911) and in [CVE-2023-4911](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4911):
+
+A buffer overflow was discovered in the GNU C Library's dynamic loader ld.so while processing the `GLIBC_TUNABLES` environment variable. This issue could allow a local attacker to use maliciously crafted `GLIBC_TUNABLES` environment variables when launching binaries with SUID permission to execute code with elevated privileges.
+
+More detail is available in the [public disclosure](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/03/2) by [Qualys](https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2023/10/03/cve-2023-4911-looney-tunables-local-privilege-escalation-in-the-glibcs-ld-so), the team who discovered the issue.
+
+Public disclosure date: October 3, 2023
+
+## EL9
+
+- Mitigated in version: `2.34-60.el9_2.security.0.2` available October 3, 2023
+- Fixed in version: `glibc-2.34-60.el9_2.7` available October 5, 2023
+
+Besides the upstream fix, we also retained the mitigation in our [override package of glibc](../packages/glibc.md).
+
+## EL8
+
+- Fixed in version: `glibc-0:2.28-225.el8_8.6` available October 5, 2023
+- Errata: [RLSA-2023:5455](https://errata.rockylinux.org/RLSA-2023:5455) issued October 7, 2023

docs/issues/CVE-2024-1086.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# CVE-2024-1086: kernel
+
+## Title
+
+CVE-2024-1086: kernel: nf_tables: use-after-free vulnerability in the nft_verdict_init() function
+
+## Summary
+
+As [briefly described by Red Hat](https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-1086):
+
+A flaw was found in the Netfilter subsystem in the Linux kernel. This issue occurs in the `nft_verdict_init()` function, allowing positive values as a drop error within the hook verdict, therefore, the `nf_hook_slow()` function can cause a double-free vulnerability when `NF_DROP` is issued with a drop error that resembles `NF_ACCEPT`. The `nf_tables` component can be exploited to achieve local privilege escalation.
+
+Exploitation of the flaw is [described in great detail in a blog post by Notselwyn](https://pwning.tech/nftables/).
+
+Public disclosure date: March 26, 2024 for the above blog post, which made the issue widely known
+
+## EL9
+
+- Fixed in version: `kernel-5.14.0-427.16.1.el9_4` available May 8, 2024
+
+## EL8
+
+- Fixed in version: `kernel-4.18.0-513.24.1.el8_9` available April 5, 2024
+- Errata: [RLSA-2024:1607](https://errata.rockylinux.org/RLSA-2024:1607) issued April 5, 2024
+
+## Mitigation
+
+We also recommend two mitigations:
+
+- If you don't use containers, we recommend that you disable user namespaces e.g. by running the below commands as root:
+
+```
+echo user.max_user_namespaces=0 > /etc/sysctl.d/userns.conf
+sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/userns.conf
+```
+
+This is a mitigation also suggested by Red Hat.
+It is sufficient to fully mitigate this and other/future related vulnerabilities.
+
+- If you cannot disable user namespaces, you may nevertheless be able to [disable network namespaces](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/14/1), which is also sufficient to fully mitigate this and some other/future related vulnerabilities.
+
+- Install our [package of LKRG](../packages/lkrg.md), start and enable the service.
+
+This does not fully mitigate the vulnerability,
+but it reliably prevents the specific exploit referenced above from working and produces LKRG alerts when the exploit is run.
+LKRG's feature that does so is its allow list for the kernel's usermodehelper.
+This will similarly prevent other/future exploits that abuse usermodehelper.
+The remaining risks are Denial of Service (DoS) as even interrupted exploits may leave the system in an unstable state,
+and a different exploit of the same vulnerability bypassing LKRG.

docs/issues/CVE-2024-2961.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# CVE-2024-2961: glibc
+
+## Title
+
+CVE-2024-2961: glibc: Out of bounds write in iconv may lead to remote code execution
+
+## Summary
+
+As [described by Red Hat](https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-2961):
+
+An out-of-bounds write flaw was found in the ISO-2022-CN-EXT plugin for glibc's iconv library. When converting from UCS4 charset, adding certain escape charterers is required to indicate where the charset was changed to the library. During this process, iconv improperly checks the boundaries of internal buffers, leading to a buffer overflow, which allows writing up to 3 bytes outside the desired memory location. This issue may allow an attacker to craft a malicious characters sequence that will trigger the out-of-bounds write and perform remote code execution, presenting a high impact to the Integrity, Confidentiality, and Availability triad.
+
+and as [further discussed on oss-security](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/18/4):
+
+On PHP [this glibc bug led] to amazing results: a new exploitation technique that affects the whole PHP ecosystem.
+
+Public disclosure date: April 17, 2024
+
+## EL9
+
+- Fixed in version: `2.34-83.12.el9_3.security.0.5` available April 18, 2024
+
+## EL8
+
+- Fixed in version: `2.28-236.el8_9.13` available May 7, 2024
+- Errata: [RLSA-2024:2722](https://errata.rockylinux.org/RLSA-2024:2722) issued May 9, 2024
+
+## Mitigation
+
+Support for the ISO-2022-CN-EXT character set can be excluded from glibc's iconv(3) by editing `/usr/lib64/gconv/gconv-modules.d/gconv-modules-extra.conf` to comment out the below 3 lines at line 1254 (same line number in EL9 and EL8) and then regenerating the cache file:
+
+```
+alias  ISO2022CNEXT//          ISO-2022-CN-EXT//
+module ISO-2022-CN-EXT//       INTERNAL                ISO-2022-CN-EXT 1
+module INTERNAL                ISO-2022-CN-EXT//       ISO-2022-CN-EXT 1
+```
+
+These two steps can be accomplished by running the below commands as root:
+
+```
+sed -i -r 's/^(.*ISO-2022-CN-EXT.*)$/#\1/' /usr/lib64/gconv/gconv-modules.d/gconv-modules-extra.conf
+iconvconfig
+```
+
+To make sure this has worked as intended, we also recommend that you run `iconv -l | grep ISO-2022-CN-EXT` before and after the above procedure. It should list the ISO-2022-CN-EXT character set before the procedure, but produce empty output afterwards.
+
+## Making the fix or mitigation effective
+
+After installing a fixed version of glibc or/and applying the mitigation,
+you'll need to restart any long-running processes for which the bug matters (such as PHP-FPM).

docs/issues/CVE-2024-6387.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# CVE-2024-6387: openssh
+
+## Title
+
+CVE-2024-6387: regreSSHion: remote code execution (RCE) in OpenSSH server, exploitable at least on glibc-based Linux systems
+
+## Summary
+
+As [discovered by Qualys](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/01/3) and
+[summarized by OpenSSH upstream](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/01/1):
+
+A critical vulnerability in sshd(8) was present in Portable OpenSSH versions 8.5p1 [to] 9.7p1 (inclusive) that may allow arbitrary code execution with root privileges.
+
+Successful exploitation has been demonstrated on 32-bit Linux/glibc systems with ASLR. Under lab conditions, the attack requires on average 6-8 hours of continuous connections up to the maximum the server will accept. Exploitation on 64-bit systems is believed to be possible but has not been demonstrated at this time. It's likely that these attacks will be improved upon.
+
+Public disclosure date: July 1, 2024
+
+## EL9
+
+- Fixed in version: `8.7p1-38.el9_4.security.0.5` available July 1, 2024
+
+## EL8
+
+- Unaffected
+
+## Mitigation
+
+Set `LoginGraceTime 0` in `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` and do a `systemctl restart sshd`.
+
+A drawback of this mitigation is that it will make the SSH server more susceptible to denial of service attacks.

docs/issues/CVE-2024-6409.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# CVE-2024-6409: openssh
+
+## Title
+
+CVE-2024-6409: OpenSSH: Possible remote code execution in privsep child due to a race condition in signal handling
+
+## Summary
+
+As [discovered by Solar Designer (CIQ/Rocky Linux)](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/08/2):
+
+OpenSSH versions 8.7 and 8.8 and the corresponding portable releases call `cleanup_exit()` from `grace_alarm_handler()` when running in the privsep child process. `cleanup_exit()` was not meant to be called from a signal handler and may call other async-signal-unsafe functions. The current understanding is that in those upstream versions `cleanup_exit()` would not actually call async-signal-unsafe functions under those conditions, but with downstream distribution patches it sometimes does. Specifically, openssh-7.6p1-audit.patch found in Red Hat's package of OpenSSH adds code to `cleanup_exit()` that exposes the issue. Relevantly, this patch is found in EL 9, where the package is based on OpenSSH 8.7p1.
+
+This is an EL9-specific issue similar to [CVE-2024-6387 regreSSHion](CVE-2024-6387.md).
+
+Public disclosure date: July 8, 2024
+
+## EL9
+
+- Fixed in version: `8.7p1-38.1.el9_4.security.0.7` available July 8, 2024
+
+## EL8
+
+- Unaffected
+
+## Mitigation
+
+Set `LoginGraceTime 0` in `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` and do a `systemctl restart sshd`.
+
+A drawback of this mitigation is that it will make the SSH server more susceptible to denial of service attacks.

docs/news.md

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# News
+
+These are what we consider significant SIG/Security news items, not an exhaustive list of package updates and wiki edits.
+
+## October 23, 2024
+
+[lkrg](packages/lkrg.md) (Linux Kernel Runtime Guard) is updated to version 0.9.9, built for both EL 9.4 and 8.10.
+
+## August 7, 2024
+
+[openssh](packages/openssh.md) `8.7p1-38.4.el9_4.security.0.9` for EL9 is a rebase on RH's release with a CVE-2024-6409 fix,
+plus a further change of our own to suppress warnings about unsupported GSSAPI on systems configured for FIPS crypto-policy.
+
+## July 8, 2024
+
+[openssh](packages/openssh.md) `8.7p1-38.1.el9_4.security.0.7` for EL9 adds a fix for [CVE-2024-6409](issues/CVE-2024-6409.md),
+an EL9-specific issue similar to [CVE-2024-6387 regreSSHion](issues/CVE-2024-6387.md).
+
+## July 1, 2024
+
+[openssh](packages/openssh.md) `8.7p1-38.el9_4.security.0.5` for EL9 adds a fix for [CVE-2024-6387 regreSSHion](issues/CVE-2024-6387.md).
+EL8 is unaffected.
+
+## June 13, 2024
+
+[glibc](packages/glibc.md) `2.34-100.2.el9_4.security.0.9` is a rebase on `2.34-100.el9_4.2`,
+where we switch to RH's backport of the iconv and nscd security fixes.
+
+## June 1, 2024
+
+[lkrg](packages/lkrg.md) `0.9.8-2.el8_10.security` is a rebuild of Linux Kernel Runtime Guard for EL 8.10,
+which wasn't strictly necessary this time as our build for 8.9 also remained working on 8.10 as-is.
+
+## May 22, 2024
+
+[lkrg](packages/lkrg.md) `0.9.8-2.el9_4.security` is a rebuild of Linux Kernel Runtime Guard for EL 9.4.
+
+## May 20, 2024
+
+[glibc](packages/glibc.md) `2.34-100.el9_4.security.0.8` contains all of our changes so far rebased on top of 9.4's `2.34-100`,
+which was still missing the iconv and nscd security fixes, so our addition of those is still relevant.
+
+[openssh](packages/openssh.md) rebased on 9.4's `8.7p1-38`.
+
+The status page on [CVE-2024-1086](issues/CVE-2024-1086.md) has been updated to refer to EL9 fix.
+
+## April 30, 2024
+
+Unreleased [glibc](packages/glibc.md) `2.34-83.12.el9_3.security.0.6` includes nscd CVE-2024-33599, CVE-2024-33600, CVE-2024-33601, CVE-2024-33602 fixes from upstream glibc 2.34 branch.
+
+This update ended up unreleased because we refocused on 9.4.
+
+## April 18-23, 2024
+
+Our hardened EL9 [glibc](packages/glibc.md) updated to include glibc upstream fix for [CVE-2024-2961](issues/CVE-2024-2961.md).
+On that CVE status page, we also provide a mitigation for both EL9 and EL8.
+
+The status page on [CVE-2024-1086](issues/CVE-2024-1086.md) has been updated to refer to EL8 fix and errata, suggest disabling network namespaces, explain remaining risks with LKRG.
+
+## March 28, 2024
+
+We've just set up a status page on [CVE-2024-1086](issues/CVE-2024-1086.md),
+currently listing two mitigations for this Linux kernel vulnerability.
+
+## March 11 to 16, 2024
+
+[openssh](packages/openssh.md) rebased on upstream EL 8.7p1-34.3 with fixes for CVE-2023-48795 (Terrapin attack) and CVE-2023-51385, now building it without Kerberos support (further shortens `ldd sshd` from 20 to 13 lines, down from 28 lines in upstream EL).
+
+## February 28, 2024
+
+[lkrg](packages/lkrg.md) updated to version 0.9.8, which adds a remote kernel message logging capability.
+
+## January 31, 2024
+
+Further EL9 [glibc](packages/glibc.md) security hardening in response to the [recent](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/01/30/6) [findings](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/01/30/7) by Qualys.
+
+## January 3, 2024
+
+[control](packages/control.md) `0.8.0-7` can now manage two SUID root PAM helper programs `unix_chkpwd` and `pam_timestamp_check`.
+
+## December 27, 2023
+
+[control](packages/control.md) `0.8.0-5` can now manage user password hashing scheme and password policy in use by PAM-aware programs.
+
+## December 18, 2023
+
+This SIG/Security News wiki page has been created, retroactively identifying and listing selected news items so far.
+
+[control](packages/control.md) `0.8.0-4` can now manage 3 privileged programs from `util-linux` (and `util-linux-core`): `mount`, `umount` (one "facility" for both), and `write`. Its wiki page has been reworked.
+
+## December 14, 2023
+
+[control](packages/control.md) wiki page added, documenting the new package.
+
+`control` provides a common interface to register and control (what it calls) system facilities.
+This is intended primarily for facilities that can potentially be dangerous to system security, to let you enable, disable, or configure each facility.
+A typical facility is a SUID/SGID/setcap program or a configuration setting of a service.
+
+Included initially are facility specifications corresponding to the `shadow-utils` package. Currently, these allow to `control` access to 5 privileged programs - 3 of them (`chage`, `gpasswd`, and `newgrp`) are by default SUID root and 2 (`newuidmap` and `newgidmap`) are `cap_setuid=ep`.
+
+## November 25, 2023
+
+Everything we had so far has been updated for EL 9.3 and 8.9, including our hardened EL9 [glibc](packages/glibc.md) and [openssh](packages/openssh.md) packages rebased on 9.3's and [lkrg](packages/lkrg.md) rebuilt for 9.3's and 8.9's kernels, along with re-testing and wiki edits.
+
+The `rocky-release-security` package containing our repository configuration has been made (a while earlier) easier to use on EL distros other than Rocky Linux, and we've now updated the wiki accordingly.
+
+## November 16 to 19, 2023
+
+[microcode_ctl](packages/microcode_ctl.md) also for EL8, providing 8.9's Intel CPU microcode to fix [CVE-2023-23583](issues/CVE-2023-23583.md) a few days before general availability of our own 8.9 release as a whole.
+
+## November 16, 2023
+
+Wiki pages [lkrg](packages/lkrg.md) and [passwdqc](packages/passwdqc.md) have been created. We had these extra packages for a while, but previously only had wiki pages for override packages (referring solely to upstream homepages for the extra packages).
+
+## November 15, 2023
+
+We've started maintaining wiki pages for selected high profile security issues, initially for glibc [CVE-2023-4911](CVE-2023-4911.md) and Intel CPU microcode [CVE-2023-23583](issues/CVE-2023-23583.md).
+
+[microcode_ctl](packages/microcode_ctl.md) for EL9, providing latest Intel CPU microcode to fix [CVE-2023-23583](issues/CVE-2023-23583.md) ahead of availability of a rebuilt new upstream package.
+
+## October 31 to November 15, 2023
+
+[hardened_malloc](packages/hardened_malloc.md) package - a security-focused memory allocator providing the `malloc(3)` API, and a script to preload it into existing program binaries. Its documentation on the wiki.
+
+## October 13, 2023
+
+We've started maintaining per-package wiki pages, initially for the override packages of [glibc](packages/glibc.md) and [openssh](packages/openssh.md).
+
+We've added instructions for installation of Rocky Linux SIG/Security repository on other EL distros (non-Rocky).
+
+## October 3, 2023
+
+Initial wiki content documenting what we had so far, which included override packages of [glibc](packages/glibc.md) and [openssh](packages/openssh.md) and extra packages of [lkrg](packages/lkrg.md) and [passwdqc](packages/passwdqc.md) (even though these per-package wiki pages did not exist yet, so we instead had summaries and external links on the front page only), the repository package, [source code repositories](https://git.rockylinux.org/sig/security/src), and [Mattermost channel](https://chat.rockylinux.org/rocky-linux/channels/security).

docs/packages/control.md

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# Extra package: control
+
+## EL9
+
+- Version `0.8.0-7.el9_3.security`
+
+### Package summary
+
+`control` provides a common interface to register and control (what it calls) system facilities.
+This is intended primarily for facilities that can potentially be dangerous to system security, to let you enable, disable, or configure each facility.
+A typical facility is a configuration setting of a service or a SUID/SGID/setcap program, or a closely related group of such settings and/or programs that are managed together.
+We manage permissions on SUID/SGID/setcap programs because those programs pose risk to system security in case of vulnerabilities in them or in library code they use.
+
+`control` originates in Owl and is actively maintained in ALT Linux.
+
+### Usage in Rocky Linux
+
+While the original `control` package in Owl and ALT Linux merely provides the common interface mentioned above for other packages to register their facilities with (and many packages in those distros do), it's been adapted in Rocky Linux to provide its own sub-packages with facility specifications and RPM trigger scripts for other packages coming from EL. This way, we can `control` those facilities and have custom settings persist (be automatically saved and restored) over package upgrades without us having to maintain forks of those other packages.
+
+The available facilities, their current settings, and lists of possible settings can be queried by running the `control` command without parameters. With all currently available sub-packages installed and upstream default settings, its output is:
+
+```
+chage               public        (public restricted)
+gpasswd             public        (public wheelonly restricted)
+mount               public        (public wheelonly unprivileged restricted)
+newgidmap           public        (public wheelonly restricted)
+newgrp              public        (public wheelonly restricted)
+newuidmap           public        (public wheelonly restricted)
+pam_timestamp_check public        (public restricted)
+password-hash       sha512crypt   (sha512crypt yescrypt)
+password-policy     pwquality     (pwquality passwdqc)
+unix_chkpwd         public        (public restricted)
+write               public        (public restricted)
+```
+
+With maximum security hardening, it changes to:
+
+```
+chage               restricted    (public restricted)
+gpasswd             restricted    (public wheelonly restricted)
+mount               restricted    (public wheelonly unprivileged restricted)
+newgidmap           restricted    (public wheelonly restricted)
+newgrp              restricted    (public wheelonly restricted)
+newuidmap           restricted    (public wheelonly restricted)
+pam_timestamp_check restricted    (public restricted)
+password-hash       yescrypt      (sha512crypt yescrypt)
+password-policy     passwdqc      (pwquality passwdqc)
+unix_chkpwd         restricted    (public restricted)
+write               restricted    (public restricted)
+```
+
+Please refer to `control(8)` man page for command-line usage syntax.
+
+### Sub-packages
+
+Currently, there are 4 sub-packages:
+
+#### control
+
+The main package providing the common interface, but no facilities of its own.
+
+#### control-shadow-utils
+
+Facility specifications corresponding to the `shadow-utils` package. Currently, these allow to `control` access to 5 privileged programs - 3 of them (`chage`, `gpasswd`, and `newgrp`) are by default SUID root and 2 (`newuidmap` and `newgidmap`) are `cap_setuid=ep`.
+
+#### control-util-linux
+
+Facility specifications corresponding to the `util-linux` and `util-linux-core` packages. Currently, these allow to `control` access to 3 privileged programs - 2 of them (`mount` and `umount`) are by default SUID root and 1 (`write`) SGID `tty`.
+
+#### control-pam
+
+Facility specifications corresponding to the `pam` package. Currently, these allow to `control` user password hashing scheme and password policy in use by PAM-aware programs, as well as two SUID root PAM helper programs `unix_chkpwd` and `pam_timestamp_check`.
+
+### Change log
+
+```
+* Wed Jan  3 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.8.0-7
+- Add unix_chkpwd and pam_timestamp_check facilities to the pam sub-package
+
+* Wed Jan  3 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.8.0-6
+- Revise password-hash and password-policy to process the underlying two
+  "sub-facilities" (for the two configuration files updated by each of these)
+  using the same logic that we had used for mount (where the two underlying
+  "sub-facilities" are the mount and umount programs)
+
+* Wed Dec 27 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.8.0-5
+- Install control(8) mode 755 since some of its features work as non-root
+- Add sub-package with facilities and triggers for pam password hashing and
+  password policy
+
+* Mon Dec 18 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.8.0-4
+- Add sub-package with facilities and triggers for util-linux
+
+* Mon Dec 18 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.8.0-3
+- Rename the shadow sub-package to shadow-utils
+- Rename the source files not to differentiate them by sub-package
+- Add "Requires: shadow-utils" in the shadow-utils sub-package
+
+* Wed Dec 13 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.8.0-2
+- In addition to Requires(pre), also use Requires in the sub-package
+- In %triggerprein_control, pre-check that the facility exists
+- Use (renamed) copies of the trigger macros within this spec file
+
+* Wed Dec 13 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.8.0-1
+- Add macros for use in RPM triggers
+- Add sub-package with facilities and triggers for shadow-utils
+
+* Wed Dec  6 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.8.0-0
+- Initial packaging for EL based on ALT Linux and Owl packages
+```

docs/packages/glibc.md

@@ -2,50 +2,66 @@
 
 ## EL9
 
-- Version `2.34-60.7.el9_2.security.0.3`
+- Version `2.34-100.2.el9_4.security.0.9`
-- Based on `2.34-60.el9_2.7`
+- Based on `2.34-100.el9_4.2`
 
 ### Changes summary
 
 - Distrust and/or unset many more environment variables used by current and previous glibc versions when running SUID/SGID/setcap (Owl via ALT Linux)
-- When `syslog(3)`/`vsyslog(3)` is called by a SUID/SGID/setcap program without a preceding call to `openlog(3)`, don't blindly trust `__progname` for the syslog ident (Owl via ALT Linux)
+- When `syslog(3)`/`vsyslog(3)` is called by a SUID/SGID/setcap program without a preceding call to `openlog(3)`, don't blindly trust `__progname` for the syslog ident (Owl via ALT Linux, further revised for Rocky Linux)
 - In `syslog(3)/vsyslog(3)` use `asctime_r(3)+localtime_r(3)` instead of `strftime_r()` so that month names don't depend on current locale settings (Owl via ALT Linux)
 - In `asprintf(3)/vasprintf(3)` reset the pointer to NULL on error, like BSDs do, so that the caller wouldn't access memory over an uninitialized or stale pointer (ALT Linux)
 - In `fread(3)/fwrite(3)` check for potential integer overflow (ALT Linux)
 - In `tmpfile(3)` use the `TMPDIR` environment variable (when not running SUID/SGID/setcap) (ALT Linux)
+- When `qsort(3)` is wrongly used with a nontransitive comparison function, nevertheless be robust and avoid [memory corruption](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/01/30/7) (Qualys, Rocky Linux)
 
 #### Known-effective vulnerability mitigations and fixes
 
-`2.34-60.el9_2.security.0.2` included mitigations sufficient to avoid security exposure of [CVE-2023-4911](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/03/2) and a backport of upstream glibc fix of [CVE-2023-4527](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/09/25/1) that was not yet in upstream EL. In the update to `2.34-60.7.el9_2.security.0.3`, we retained the mitigations while rebasing on upstream EL's package with upstream fixes for these vulnerabilities (and more).
+`2.34-83.12.el9_3.security.0.6` and above includes nscd CVE-2024-33599, CVE-2024-33600, CVE-2024-33601, CVE-2024-33602 fixes from upstream glibc 2.34 branch, which upstream also included starting with `2.34-100.el9_4.2`.
+
+`2.34-83.12.el9_3.security.0.5` and above includes `iconv(3)` ISO-2022-CN-EXT [CVE-2024-2961](../issues/CVE-2024-2961.md) fix from upstream glibc 2.34 branch, which upstream also included starting with `2.34-100.el9_4.2`.
+
+`2.34-60.el9_2.security.0.2` included mitigations sufficient to avoid security exposure of [CVE-2023-4911](../issues/CVE-2023-4911.md) and a backport of upstream glibc fix of [CVE-2023-4527](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/09/25/1) that was not yet in upstream EL. In the update to `2.34-60.7.el9_2.security.0.3` and beyond, we retained the mitigations while rebasing on upstream EL's package with upstream fixes for these vulnerabilities (and more).
 
 In general, inclusion of additional security fixes will be "reverted" if and when those get included in upstream EL packages that we rebase our changes on.
 
 ### Change log
 
 ```
-* Fri Oct  6 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> - 2.34-60.7.el9.security.0.3
+* Thu Jun 13 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> - 2.34-100.2.el9.security.0.9
-- Rebase on 2.34-60.7, drop "our" CVE-2023-4527 patch in favor of RH's
+- Rebase on 2.34-100.2
 
-* Mon Sep 25 2023 Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> - 2.34-60.7
+[... upstream changes ...]
-- Fix memory leak regression in getaddrinfo (RHEL-2425)
 
-* Tue Sep 19 2023 Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> - 2.34-60.6
+* Mon May 20 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> - 2.34-100.el9.security.0.8
-- CVE-2023-4911 glibc: buffer overflow in ld.so leading to privilege escalation (RHEL-2999)
+- Rebase on 2.34-100
 
-* Tue Sep 19 2023 Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> - 2.34-60.5
+* Tue May 07 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> - 2.34-83.12.el9.security.0.7
-- Revert: Always call destructors in reverse constructor order (RHEL-3385)
+- Upstream glibc 2.34 fix "nscd: Use time_t for return type of addgetnetgrentX"
 
-* Mon Sep 18 2023 Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@redhat.com> - 2.34-60.4
+* Tue Apr 30 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> - 2.34-83.12.el9.security.0.6
-- CVE-2023-4806 glibc: potential use-after-free in getaddrinfo (RHEL-2425)
+- Add nscd CVE-2024-33599, CVE-2024-33600, CVE-2024-33601, CVE-2024-33602 fixes
+  from upstream glibc 2.34 branch
 
-* Fri Sep 15 2023 Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@redhat.com> - 2.34-60.3
+* Thu Apr 18 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> - 2.34-83.12.el9.security.0.5
-- CVE-2023-4813: potential use-after-free in gaih_inet (RHEL-2437)
+- Rebase on 2.34-83.12
+- Add iconv() ISO-2022-CN-EXT CVE-2024-2961 fix from upstream glibc 2.34 branch
 
-* Fri Sep 15 2023 Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com> - 2.34-60.2
+[... upstream changes ...]
-- CVE-2023-4527: Stack read overflow in getaddrinfo in no-aaaa mode (#2234715)
 
-* Wed Sep 13 2023 Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> - 2.34-60.1
+* Wed Jan 31 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> - 2.34-83.7.el9.security.0.4
-- Always call destructors in reverse constructor order (RHEL-3385)
+- Harden syslog ident fallback initialization to use at most 64 characters of
+  __progname when __libc_enable_secure, as inspired by Qualys' discovery of
+  related vulnerabilities in newer glibc (not yet present in this version):
+  https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/01/30/6
+- Harden qsort against nontransitive comparison functions as suggested by
+  Qualys: https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/01/30/7
+
+* Wed Nov 22 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> - 2.34-83.7.el9.security.0.3
+- Rebase on 2.34-83.7, drop "our" CVE-2023-4527 patch in favor of RH's
+  (a similar rebase was made on Oct 6 in 2.34-60.7.el9.security.0.3 for 9.2)
+
+[... upstream changes ...]
 
 * Mon Oct  2 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> - 2.34-60.el9.security.0.2
 - Add glibc-owl-alt-sanitize-env.patch stitched from several ALT Linux commits

docs/packages/hardened_malloc.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Extra package: hardened_malloc
+
+## EL9
+
+- Version `hardened_malloc-12-3.el9_2.security`
+- Based on upstream version `12`
+- No plans to support older Rocky Linux versions due to glibc being too old
+
+### Package summary
+
+This package ships the "normal" and "light" configurations of the [GrapheneOS](https://grapheneos.org) [hardened_malloc](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc) project. The official README.md in the upstream project documents security properties and explains the differences between the regular and light variants.
+
+### Usage in Rocky Linux
+
+It is strongly reccomended to read all documentation here before deploying this package on your infrastructure.
+
+In order to support the large amount of mappings caused by guard slabs and large allocation guard regions, the `vm.max_map_count` sysctl is increased as part of package installation to `1048576` in `/etc/sysctl.d/hardened_malloc.conf`. You'll need to run `sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/hardened_malloc.conf` for this change to take effect without a reboot. Incidentally, [Fedora 39 made the same change](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/IncreaseVmMaxMapCount), so it's not an exotic configuration.
+
+The package ships 2 builds of `hardened_malloc`, the regular variant, which is located at `/usr/lib64/libhardened_malloc.so` and can be preloaded using the `hardened_malloc_preload.sh` script, and the light variant, which is located at `/usr/lib64/libhardened_malloc-light.so` and can be preloaded using the `hardened_malloc_light_preload.sh` script. The preload scripts add the relevant library to `LD_PRELOAD` and then load the desired binary, as shown in the following example: `hardened_malloc_preload.sh cat /proc/self/maps`.
+
+Users may choose to set an OS-wide `LD_PRELOAD` with `hardened_malloc`. This can be done by adding the desired library, for example, `/usr/lib64/libhardened_malloc.so`, into your `/etc/ld.so.preload`. Be aware that for applications where `AT_SECURE` is set, this approach will not work.
+
+It is suggested that if you wish to deploy `hardened_malloc` systemwide, that you deploy it in your `LD_PRELOAD` with the normal variant globally, and then for applications which are performance sensitive, or which fail with the normal variant, try them individually with the light variant using the preload script or by setting `LD_PRELOAD` within a systemd service namespace. If that does not resolve your issue, try disabling `hardened_malloc` by running the program in its own systemd service namespace.
+
+### Bugs uncovered by hardened_malloc
+
+As with all infrastructure changes, ensure you test in your staging environment extensively before deploying into production. Many packages and projects suffer from memory corruption bugs, which when running under glibc are not encountered during operation, but which `hardened_malloc` uncovers. Some applications may crash during usage, completely break, or break when running with certain configurations. Bugs in packages are typically a result of upstream project bugs, and should be reported there. In some cases these bugs are fixed in later versions in the upstream project, in which case the bug is an issue with Rocky Linux, and should be reported to Rocky Linux and its upstream distribution, so that the patch may be included.
+
+| Package name    | Latest version tested                             | Normal variant | Light variant |
+|-----------------|---------------------------------------------------|----------------|---------------|
+| php             | php-8.0.30-1.el9_2.x86_64                         | Broken         | Broken        |
+| php             | php-8.1.14-1.module+el9.2.0+15232+36037ab0.x86_64 | Broken         | Broken        |
+| sssd            | sssd-2.8.2-3.el9_2.x86_64                         | Broken         | Broken        |
+
+### Potential for issues with EDR
+
+By nature of relying on `LD_PRELOAD`, if you have EDR software on your server, it may falsely send alerts when using `hardened_malloc`. If it doesn't, your EDR is probably terrible or misconfigured.
+
+### Change log
+
+```
+* Tue Nov 14 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 12-3
+- Package hardened_malloc_light_preload.sh
+- Disable arm64 building for now (fix didn't work)
+
+* Wed Nov  8 2023 flawedworld <flawedworld@flawed.world> 12-2
+- Set CONFIG_NATIVE to false
+- Mark libraries as executable (change to 755 permissions)
+- Add hardened_malloc_light_preload.sh
+- Fix arm64 building
+
+* Sat Oct 28 2023 flawedworld <flawedworld@flawed.world> 12-1
+- Initial packaging for hardened_malloc version 12, co-authored-by
+  Scott Shinn (atomicturtle) and Solar Designer
+```

docs/packages/lkrg.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Extra package: lkrg
+
+## EL9
+
+- Version `0.9.9-1.el9_4.security`
+- Based on upstream version `0.9.9`
+
+## EL8
+
+- Version `0.9.9-1.el8_10.security`
+- Based on upstream version `0.9.9`
+
+### Package summary
+
+LKRG, or Linux Kernel Runtime Guard, is a kernel module that performs runtime integrity checking of the Linux kernel and detection of security vulnerability exploits against the kernel.
+
+More information is available on the [LKRG homepage](https://lkrg.org) and in the documentation files included in the package.
+
+### Usage in Rocky Linux
+
+Due to EL's kABI stability and the `weak-modules` mechanism, which this package uses, the same binary package of LKRG usually works across different kernel revisions/builds within the same EL minor release (e.g., 9.4). Once there's a new minor release (e.g., 9.4 is upgraded to 9.5), we'll provide a new build of LKRG accordingly.
+
+Installing the package does not automatically start LKRG nor enable it to start on system bootup. To start LKRG please use:
+
+```
+systemctl start lkrg
+```
+
+To enable LKRG on bootup please use:
+
+```
+systemctl enable lkrg
+```
+
+### Testing and recovery
+
+Although the current package passed our own testing (on 9.4 and 8.10), we recommend that you only enable LKRG to start on system bootup after you've tested it for a while to ensure its compatibility with your system. If you nevertheless run into a boot time issue with LKRG later, you can disable it with the `nolkrg` kernel command-line option.
+
+### Remote logging
+
+LKRG includes a remote kernel message logging capability.
+The corresponding userspace tools are found in the `lkrg-logger` sub-package.
+Documentation is also included in there, in `/usr/share/doc/lkrg-logger/LOGGING`.
+
+### Change log
+
+```
+* Wed Oct 23 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.9.9-1
+- Update to 0.9.9
+
+* Wed May 22 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.9.8-2
+- Pass direct kernel-devel's build path into make
+- Drop "BuildRequires: kernel" as we no longer need /lib/modules/*/build
+- Add "BuildRequires: systemd" for the _unitdir RPM macro (apparently this was
+  previously an indirect dependency via the kernel package)
+
+* Tue Feb 27 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.9.8-1
+- Update to 0.9.8
+- Add logger sub-package
+- Mark the sysctl configuration file config(noreplace)
+- Use "sort -V" to build against the latest installed version of kernel-devel
+
+* Wed Nov  8 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.9.7-4
+- Add a couple of upstream patches, most notably to fix kINT false positives on
+EL 8.8.
+
+* Tue Oct 24 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.9.7-3
+- Use weak-modules if available so that on RHEL and its rebuilds the same LKRG
+  package build works across different kABI-compatible kernel revisions/builds
+- Drop 32-bit x86 from ExclusiveArch since recent RHEL lacks such kernel-devel
+
+* Thu Sep 14 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.9.7-2
+- Use kernel build directory corresponding to the kernel-devel package, not to
+the currently running kernel
+- "BuildRequires: kernel" for the /lib/modules/* directory
+- "BuildRequires: elfutils-libelf-devel" to support CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC=y
+
+* Thu Sep 14 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 0.9.7-1
+- Wrote this rough RPM spec file for Red Hat'ish distros, seems to work fine on
+RHEL 7, 8, 9 rebuilds, but is only reliable when there's exactly one
+kernel-devel package installed at build time and it exactly matches the target
+kernel version.
+```

docs/packages/microcode_ctl.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Override package: microcode_ctl
+
+## EL9
+
+- Version `4:20231114-1.el9_2.security`
+- Based on `4:20230808-2.el9`
+
+This is our custom revision of a post-9.2 EL9 package. We use Intel's latest released microcode.
+
+## EL8
+
+- Version `4:20230808-2.20231009.1.el8.security`
+- Based on `4:20230808-2.20231009.1.el8`
+
+This is a rebuild of the 8.9 package as-is to make it available for 8.8. It uses Intel's fixed microcode revision that was provided to distros privately in preparation for the coordinated disclosure.
+
+### Changes summary
+
+For EL9:
+
+- Update Intel CPU microcode to fix [CVE-2023-23583](../issues/CVE-2023-23583.md), temporarily dropping most documentation patches
+
+### Change log
+
+For EL9:
+
+```
+* Tue Nov 14 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> - 4:20231114-1
+- Update Intel CPU microcode to microcode-20231114 (fixes CVE-2023-23583),
+  temporarily dropping most documentation patches
+```

docs/packages/openssh.md

@@ -2,16 +2,48 @@
 
 ## EL9
 
-- Version `8.7p1-30.el9_2.security.0.2`
+- Version `8.7p1-38.4.el9_4.security.0.9`
-- Based on `8.7p1-30.el9_2`
+- Based on `8.7p1-38.el9_4.4`
 
 ### Changes summary
 
 - Instead of linking against `libsystemd`, load it dynamically in a temporary child process to avoid polluting actual `sshd`'s address space with that library and its many dependencies (shortens `ldd sshd` output from 28 to 20 lines)
+- Build without Kerberos support (further shortens `ldd sshd` from 20 to 13 lines)
+- Fix [CVE-2024-6409](../issues/CVE-2024-6409.md)
 
 ### Change log
 
 ```
+* Wed Jul 17 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 8.7p1-38.4.el9_4.security.0.9
+- Patch the code to silently ignore GSSAPIKeyExchange when unsupported
+
+* Wed Jul 17 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 8.7p1-38.4.el9_4.security.0.8
+- Rebase on 8.7p1-38.4
+
+* Mon Jul 08 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 8.7p1-38.1.el9_4.security.0.7
+- Fix CVE-2024-6409
+
+* Mon Jul 08 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 8.7p1-38.1.el9_4.security.0.6
+- Rebase on 8.7p1-38.1
+
+* Mon Jul 01 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 8.7p1-38.el9_4.security.0.5
+- Fix CVE-2024-6387 regreSSHion
+
+* Mon May 20 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 8.7p1-38.el9_4.security.0.4
+- Rebase on 8.7p1-38
+
+* Sat Mar 16 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 8.7p1-34.3.el9_3.security.0.3
+- Comment out GSSAPI* lines in /etc/ssh/ssh*_config.d/50-redhat.conf and patch
+  the code to silently ignore GSSAPIKexAlgorithms when unsupported (like it is
+  in our new without-Kerberos build)
+
+* Mon Mar 11 2024 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 8.7p1-34.3.el9_3.security.0.2
+- Rebase 8.7p1-34.el9_3.security.0.1 on 8.7p1-34.3
+- Build without Kerberos support (shortens "ldd sshd" from 20 to 13 lines)
+
+* Wed Nov 22 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 8.7p1-34.el9_3.security.0.1
+- Rebase 8.7p1-30.el9.security.0.2 on 8.7p1-34
+
 * Sat Oct 07 2023 Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com> 8.7p1-30.el9.security.0.2
 - Load libsystemd.so.0, not libsystemd.so, as the latter is only provided by
   systemd-devel

docs/packages/passwdqc.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Extra package: passwdqc
+
+## EL9
+
+- Version `2.0.3-2.el9_2.security`
+- Based on upstream version `2.0.3-2` as packaged in Fedora
+
+## EL8
+
+- Version `2.0.3-2.el8.security`
+- Based on upstream version `2.0.3-2` as packaged in Fedora
+
+### Package summary
+
+`passwdqc` is a password/passphrase strength checking and policy enforcement toolset, including a PAM module (`pam_passwdqc`), command-line programs (`pwqcheck`, `pwqfilter`, and `pwqgen`), and a library (`libpasswdqc`).
+
+More information is available on the [passwdqc homepage](https://www.openwall.com/passwdqc/) and in the documentation files (man pages and a README) included in the sub-packages below.
+
+### Usage in Rocky Linux
+
+There are 5 sub-packages:
+
+#### pam_passwdqc
+
+`pam_passwdqc` is a PAM module that is normally invoked on password changes by programs such as `passwd(1)`. It is capable of checking password or passphrase strength, enforcing a policy, and offering randomly-generated passphrases, with all of these features being optional and easily (re-)configurable.
+
+Merely installing this sub-package does not yet configure the system to use the PAM module. To do so, on EL9 use our [control](control.md), or on either EL8 or EL9 you may edit PAM configuration files manually e.g. like [shown here](https://github.com/openwall/passwdqc/issues/19#issuecomment-1140262371).
+
+#### passwdqc-utils
+
+`pwqcheck` and `pwqgen` are standalone password/passphrase strength checking and random passphrase generator programs, respectively, which are usable from scripts.
+
+The `pwqfilter` program searches, creates, or updates binary passphrase filter files, which can also be used with `pwqcheck` and `pam_passwdqc`. This can be used for checking of user-provided passwords against existing data breaches, which is recommended in the current NIST guidance, specifically in publication 800-63B sections 5.1.1.2 and A.3. Paid pre-generated filter files are available from Openwall at the project homepage above, but with this tool you can also generate your own.
+
+#### libpasswdqc
+
+`libpasswdqc` is the underlying library, which may also be used from third-party programs.
+
+#### libpasswdqc-devel
+
+This package contains development files needed for building passwdqc-aware applications, as well as documentation (man pages) for developing such applications.
+
+#### passwdqc
+
+`passwdqc` is a meta sub-package that installs (via dependencies) the actual sub-packages above, except for `libpasswdqc-devel`.